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A Burlesque on Carmen
''A Burlesque on Carmen'' is Charlie Chaplin's thirteenth and final film for Essanay Studios, released as ''Carmen'' on December 18, 1915. Chaplin played the leading man and Edna Purviance played Carmen. The film is a parody of the overacted Cecil B. DeMille ''Carmen'' of 1915 which was itself an interpretation of the popular novella ''Carmen'' by Prosper Mérimée. Composer Hugo Riesenfeld wrote the music for both the DeMille and the Chaplin films, based on George Bizet's opera ''Carmen''.
Chaplin's original version was a tightly paced two-reeler, but in 1916 after Chaplin had moved to Mutual, Essanay reworked the film into a four-reel version called ''A Burlesque on Carmen'', or ''Burlesque on 'Carmen, adding discarded footage and new scenes involving a subplot about a gypsy character played by Ben Turpin. This longer version was deeply flawed in pacing and continuity, not representative of Chaplin's initial conception. Chaplin sued Essanay but failed to stop the distribution of the longer version; Essanay's tampering with this and other of his films contributed significantly to Chaplin's bitterness about his time there. The presence of Essanay's badly redone version is likely the reason that ''Burlesque on Carmen'' is among the least known of Chaplin's works. Historian Ted Okuda calls the two-reel original version the best film of Chaplin's Essanay period, but derides the longer version as the worst.
A third version was released as a partial sound film in 1928 by Quality Amusement Corporation, comprising three reels based on the 1916 Essanay version, but reduced in length to accommodate a newly shot introduction spoken by newspaper columnist Duke Bakrak. The musical score was again by Riesenfeld. This version, with rewritten title cards, poor sequencing, and "fuzzy" in appearance from generation loss, can be found today on some home video releases.〔 In 1999, Kino produced a version based on the work of film preservationist David Shepard, who studied Chaplin's court transcripts and other evidence to more closely reproduce the original Chaplin cut.〔 The highly regarded Kino release is accompanied by a Robert Israel score.
==Background==
The story of Carmen was very popular in the 1910s, and two films under this title had already been released in 1915, one by Raoul Walsh in which stage actress Theda Bara played Carmen, and one by Cecil B. DeMille in which the part was played by opera star Geraldine Farrar. DeMille had intended to film a musical version of the opera ''Carmen'', but its libretto was under copyright so DeMille instructed his screenwriter brother William to base his scenario on the public domain novella ''Carmen'' by Prosper Mérimée. William included a cigarette factory fight scene from the book which was not found in the opera. Composer Hugo Riesenfeld arranged the music, based on George Bizet's opera ''Carmen''. DeMille's film received positive reviews〔 but Chaplin thought it was ripe for parody.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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